WorldCoin
After three years in development, digital ID platform Worldcoin officially launched on Monday. Co-founded by OpenAI CEO Sam Altman, Worldcoin aims to provide its users with a verified digital identity, plus a cryptocurrency token— helpfully named Worldcoin (WLD)—and a crypto wallet app.
According to Worldcoin, advances in artificial intelligence have made it increasingly difficult to tell whether online activity, written text, digital artwork or really anything that exists on the internet came from real humans or AI. The company proposes to help resolve this confusion by deploying a sort of digital passport, based on what it calls “proof of personhood.”
“The goal is simple: A global financial and identity network based on proof of personhood,” Altman wrote on Twitter. “This feels especially important in the AI era. I’m hopeful Worldcoin can contribute to conversations about how we share access, benefits, and governance of future AI systems.”
Worldcoin’s platform verifies a user’s identity by scanning their iris to create personal, secure identification codes. The codes are saved on a decentralized blockchain, and the company claims they cannot be duplicated or spoofed to create false identities or engage in fraud.
The company says that it signed up more than 2 million users in the beta testing stage. It now plans to roll out scanning operations in dozens of cities in 20 countries worldwide.
Worldcoin is an open source protocol, or system, created to help give everyone access to the global economy. It’s designed to be decentralized, meaning that ultimately its supervision and decision making will rest with its community of users.
The people and organizations supporting Worldcoin are developing the tools that work together to help it achieve its mission. These include:
- World ID - a privacy-preserving digital identity designed to help solve many important, identity-based challenges including proving an individual’s unique personhood
- Worldcoin Token - the first token to be globally and freely distributed to people, for both utility and future governance, just for being a unique individual
- World App - a fully self custodial app that enables payment, purchases and transfers globally using the Worldcoin token, digital assets, stablecoins and traditional currencies
Importantly, Worldcoin—through World ID’s unique digital identity—can play an important role in demonstrating humanness in an online world populated with increasingly advanced artificial intelligence.
IN THIS ARTICLE
Organizations Connected To Worldcoin
Worldcoin. Here’s why it’s already being investigated.
The Eyeball-Scanning Crypto Project Launched By OpenAI’s Sam Altman
Introduction
Worldcoin is a digital identification platform that aims to provide each person on earth with a convenient way to verify that they are a real human and not a bot or an AI algorithm.
The company building Worldcoin—Tools for Humanity—was cofounded by Altman, who is better known for creating ChatGPT. Ironically, Altman has played a central role in sparking the current AI gold rush, which has significantly worsened the very problem Worldcoin proposes to solve.
Worldcoin has built its digital passport system using the cryptographic and blockchain tools that support the wider world of cryptocurrency. It also supports the WLD crypto token, plus a payments platform.
Worldcoin was founded with the mission of creating a globally-inclusive identity and financial network, owned by the majority of humanity. If successful, Worldcoin could considerably increase economic opportunity, scale a reliable solution for distinguishing humans from AI online while preserving privacy, enable global democratic processes, and show a potential path to AI-funded UBI.
Worldcoin consists of a privacy-preserving digital identity network (World ID) built on proof of personhood and, where laws allow, a digital currency (WLD). Every human is eligible for a share of WLD simply for being human. World ID and WLD are currently complemented by World App, the first frontend to World ID and the Worldcoin Protocol, developed by the contributor team at Tools for Humanity (TFH).
“Proof of personhood” is one of the core ideas behind Worldcoin, and refers to establishing an individual is both human and unique. Once established, it gives the individual the ability to assert they are a real person and different from another real person, without having to reveal their real-world identity.
Today, proof of personhood is an unsolved problem on a global scale, making it difficult to vote online or distribute value on a large scale. The problem is even more pressing as increasingly powerful AI models will further amplify the difficulty of distinguishing humans from bots. If successful as part of Worldcoin, World ID could become a global proof of personhood standard.
Some of the core assumptions behind Worldcoin are:
- Proof of personhood is a missing and necessary digital primitive. This primitive will become more important as increasingly powerful AI models become available.
- Scalable and inclusive proof of personhood, for the first time, allows aligning the incentives of all network participants around adding real humans to the network. Bitcoin is issued to secure the Bitcoin network. Worldcoin is issued to grow the Worldcoin network, with security inherited from Ethereum.
- In a time of increasingly powerful AI, the most reliable way to issue a global proof of personhood is through custom biometric hardware.
2,223,338+ unique humans on Worldcoin
World ID
- World ID sign-ups 2,223,338+
- Countries where Orb verifications have happened 34+
- Countries with verified World ID users 120+
Transactions & Activity
- Amount of WLD claimed by users*24,609,283+
- Orbs manufactured2,000+
Milestones
- Worldcoin's 1st sign-upMay 5, 2021
- Worldcoin's 100K userOctober 11, 2021
- Worldcoin's 1M userJanuary 5, 2023
- Worldcoin's 2M userJuly 13, 2023
The Worldcoin community is building a more human economic system.
Worldcoin aims to establish universal access to the global economy regardless of country or background. It is designed to become the world's largest human identity and financial network, giving ownership to everyone. All with the intention of welcoming every person on the planet and establishing a place for all of us to benefit in the age of AI.
Worldcoin whitepaper Reserve your Worldcoin
World Coin believe
- in the inherent worth and equality of every individual
- in the right to personal privacy
- in open and public collaboration
Who we are
Worldcoin is an open-source protocol, supported by a global community of developers, individuals, economists and technologists committed to expanding participation in, and access to, the global economy. The Worldcoin Foundation is the steward, and will support and grow the Worldcoin community until it becomes self-sufficient.
Tools for Humanity helped launch Worldcoin, and currently serve as advisors to the Foundation and operators of the World App.
World ID
World ID is privacy preserving proof of personhood. It enables users to verify their humanness online while maintaining their privacy through zero-knowledge proofs, via a custom biometric device called the Orb. The Orb has been designed based on the realization that custom biometric hardware might be the only long term viable solution to issue AI-safe proof of personhood verifications. World IDs are issued on the Worldcoin protocol, which allows individuals to prove that they are human to any verifier (including web2 applications) while maintaining their privacy through zero-knowledge proofs. In the future, it should be possible to issue other credentials on the protocol as well.
World ID aspires to be personbound, meaning a World ID should only be used by the individual it was issued to. It should be very difficult to use by a fraudulent actor who stole or acquired World ID credentials. Further, it should always be possible for an individual to regain possession of a lost or stolen World ID.
Worldcoin Token
While network effects will ultimately come from useful applications being built on top of the financial and identity infrastructure, the token is issued to all network participants to align their incentives around the growth of the network. This is especially important early on to bootstrap the network and bypass the “cold start problem”. This could lead the Worldcoin token (WLD) to become the widest distributed digital asset.
World App
World App is the first frontend to World ID: it guides individuals through the verification with the Orb and custodies an individual’s World ID credentials and implements the cryptographic protocols to share those credentials with third parties in a privacy preserving manner. It is designed to provide frictionless access to global decentralized financial infrastructure. Eventually, there should be many different wallets integrating World ID.
How Does Worldcoin Work?
Think of Worldcoin as a three-legged stool: It only works if people adopt and use three mutually reinforcing components.
Worldcoin works in three steps.
Step 1: Download the World App
Downloading the World App allows a person to set up their Worldcoin account and access a digital wallet connected to Worldcoin, Bitcoin, Ethereum and other digital and traditional currencies including stablecoins. World App is operated by Tools for Humanity, a contributor to the Worldcoin system.
Step 2: Sign up for World ID
It’s possible to use the World App without signing up for World ID. In order to receive a free share of Worldcoin Tokens and other digital currencies, however, a person must sign up for World ID by visiting a Worldcoin Operator and verifying their unique personhood at an Orb. This process may evolve in the future to include other verification signals.
The Orb uses iris biometrics to establish an individual’s unique personhood, then creates a digital World ID that can be used pseudonymously in a wide variety of everyday applications without revealing the user's identity.
Step 3: Receive your free share of Worldcoin and other digital currencies
Once an individual has verified their unique personhood, they can use their World ID within the World App to learn about digital currencies and receive free airdrops of Bitcoin, Ethereum and more. After the mainnet launch, people in countries where the Worldcoin Token is available (per our Terms and Conditions) will also be able to use their World ID to claim their share of free Worldcoin Tokens.
World ID
The heart of the platform is World ID, which the company claims will enable users to “verify their humanness” online while maintaining their privacy. This so-called “proof of personhood” is created by an iris-scanning device called the Orb.
Much like fingerprints, every person’s iris pattern is different. The Orb scans a user’s iris and uses its structure to create a unique identification code called an IrisCode. The code is not associated with a user’s personal information—it exists solely to prevent people from acquiring more than one World ID.
After the Orb scans your iris and saves an anonymous IrisCode, it then issues your World ID. It also permanently deletes each iris image. The system does not depend on pointing scanners at your eyeballs each time you need to verify your identity.
Each World ID is added to the Worldcoin blockchain, and users deploy a cryptographically secure app to identify themselves.
As of this week’s launch, Worldcoin Orbs are available in Hong Kong, Tokyo, Singapore, Seoul, Paris, Lisbon, Mexico City, São Paulo, Nairobi, New York, San Francisco and approximately 25 other cities around the world.
World App
The World App is the repository for your World ID. Worldcoin claims that the app preserves users’ privacy while also providing access to a growing roster of decentralized finance applications.
The app functions as a crypto wallet, but its primary purpose is to store user credentials so that users can verify themselves on any third-party application.
Besides your World ID, the app can hold Bitcoin, Ethereum and USDC, and the company says more cryptos will be supported in the future.
WLD Cryptocurrency Token
Once users create a World ID and download the World App, they get access to the WLD cryptocurrency token.
WLD was issued to users who took part in the beta program. A large quantity of WLD was airdropped to users as part of the platform’s official launch. Crypto exchanges have listed WLD for trading, including KuCoin and Binance, the world’s largest exchange by volume.
According to the Worldcoin white paper, a total of 10 billion WLD will be issued over the course of 15 years. Currently 143 million WLD are circulating as of the official launch. Of this amount, 43 million were allocated to verified World App users, and 100 million were sent to market makers to facilitate trading.
Worldcoin revolves around World ID, a privacy-preserving global identity network. Using World ID, individuals will be able to prove that they are a real, unique human to any platform that integrates with the protocol. This will enable fair airdrops, provide protection against bots/sybil attacks on social media, and enable the fairer distribution of limited resources. Furthermore, World ID can also enable global democratic processes and novel forms of governance (e.g., via quadratic voting), and it may eventually support a path to AI-funded UBI.
To engage with the Worldcoin protocol, individuals must first download World App, the first wallet app that supports the creation of a World ID. Individuals visit a physical imaging device called the Orb to get their World ID Orb-verified. Most Orbs are operated by a network of independent local businesses called Orb Operators. The Orb uses multispectral sensors to verify humanness and uniqueness to issue an Orb-verified World ID, with all images being promptly deleted on-device per default (absent explicit consent to Data Custody).
Potential Applications
Worldcoin could significantly increase equality of opportunity globally by advancing a future where everyone, regardless of their location, can participate in the global digital economy through universally-accessible decentralized financial and identity infrastructure. As the network grows, so should its utility.
Today, many interactions in the digital realm are not possible globally. The way humans transact value, identify themselves, and interact on the internet is likely to change fundamentally. With universal access to finance and identity, the following future becomes possible:
Finance
Owning & Transferring Digital Money: Sending money will be near instant and borderless, globally. Available to everyone. The world could be connected financially and everyone would be able to interact economically on the internet. The COVID relief fund for India, where over $400 million were raised in a short period of time by individuals around the world to support the country as a hint at what can be possible. Overall, this has the potential to connect people on a global scale unlike anything previously seen in human history.
Digital money is safer than cash, which can be more easily stolen or forged. This is especially important in crisis situations where instant cross-border financial transactions need to be possible, such as during the Ukrainian refugee crisis, where USDC was used to distribute direct aid. Additionally, digital money is an asset that individuals can own and control directly without having to trust third parties.
Identity
Keep the Bots Out: Bots on Twitter, spam messages, and robocalls are all symptoms of the lack of sound and frictionless digital identity. These issues are exacerbated by rapidly advancing AI models, which can solve CAPTCHAs and produce content that is convincingly "human". As services ramp up defenses against such content, it becomes essential that an inclusive and privacy-preserving solution for proof of personhood is available as public infrastructure. If every message or transaction included a "verified human" property, a lot of noise could be filtered from the digital world.
Governance: Currently, collective decision making in web3 largely relies on token-based governance (one token, one vote), which excludes some people from participating and heavily favors those with more economic power. A reliable sybil-resistant proof of personhood like World ID opens up the design space for global democratic governance mechanisms not just in web3 but for the internet. Additionally, for AI to maximally benefit all humans, rather than just a select group, it will become increasingly important to include everyone in its governance.
Intersection of Finance and Identity
Incentive Alignment: Coupons, loyalty programs, referral programs and more generally sharing value with customers is traditionally prone to fraud as the incentives for fraudulent actors are high. Frictionless and fraud resistant digital identity helps to align incentives and benefit both consumers and companies. This could even incept a new wave of companies owned in part by its users.
Equal Distribution of Scarce Resources: Crucial elements of modern society, including subsidies and social welfare, can be rendered more equitably by employing proof of personhood. This is particularly pertinent in developing economies, where social benefit programs confront the issue of resource capture—fake identities employed to acquire more than a person’s fair share of resources. In 2021, India saved $5 billion in subsidy programs by implementing a biometric-based system that reduced fraud. A decentralized proof of personhood protocol can extend similar benefits to any project or organization globally. As AI advances, fairly distributing access and some of the created value through UBI will play an increasingly vital role in counteracting the concentration of economic power. World ID could ensure that each individual registers only once and to guarantee equitable distribution.
Organizations Connected To Worldcoin
Worldcoin is currently supported by two important organizations: The Worldcoin Foundation and Tools for Humanity.
The Worldcoin Foundation is a non-profit organization setup to support and grow the Worldcoin community until it becomes self-sufficient. It will do this through things like cultivating a community of developers making grants and establishing ways for the user community to participate in the governance of the protocol.
Tools for Humanity (TFH) is a global technology company established to accelerate the transition towards a more just economic system. It led the initial development of the Worldcoin protocol and is continuing to build tools and help support the Worldcoin protocol, in addition to operating the World App. Over time, TFH will continue to develop important tools for Worldcoin and beyond.
As the Worldcoin protocol develops and expands, more companies will likely join to support its growth.
What-is-worldcoin-how-does-it-work
Worldcoin. Here’s why it’s already being investigated.
It’s possible you’ve heard the name Worldcoin recently. It’s been getting a ton of attention—some good, some … not so good.
It’s a project that claims to use cryptocurrency to distribute money across the world, though its bigger ambition is to create a global identity system called “World ID” that relies on individuals’ unique biometric data to prove that they are humans. It officially launched on July 24 in more than 20 countries, and Sam Altman, the CEO of OpenAI and one of the biggest tech celebrities right now, is one of the cofounders of the project.
The company makes big, idealistic promises: that it can deliver a form of universal basic income through technology to make the world a better and more equitable place, while offering a way to verify your humanity in a digital future filled with nonhuman intelligence, which it calls “proof of personhood.” If you’re thinking this sounds like a potential privacy nightmare, you’re not alone.
Luckily, we have someone I’d consider the Worldcoin expert on staff here at MIT Technology Review. Last year investigative reporter Eileen Guo, with freelancer Adi Renaldi, dug into the company and found that Worldcoin’s operations were far from living up to its lofty goals and that it was collecting sensitive biometric data from many vulnerable people in exchange for cash.
As they wrote:
“Our investigation revealed wide gaps between Worldcoin’s public messaging, which focused on protecting privacy, and what users experienced. We found that the company’s representatives used deceptive marketing practices, collected more personal data than it acknowledged, and failed to obtain meaningful informed consent.”
What’s more, the company was using test users’ sensitive, but anonymized, data to train artificial intelligence models, but Eileen and Adi found that individuals did not know their data was being used that way.
I highly recommend you read their investigation—which builds on more than 35 interviews with Worldcoin executives, contractors, and test users recruited primarily in developing countries—to better understand how the company was handling sensitive personal data and how its idealistic rhetoric compared with the realities on the ground.
Given their reporting, it’s no surprise that regulators in at least four countries have already launched investigations into the project, citing concerns with its privacy practices. The company claims it has already scanned nearly 2.2 million “unique humans” into its database, which was primarily built during an extended test period over the last two years.
So I asked Eileen: What really has changed since her investigation? How do we make sense of the latest news?
Since her story, Worldcoin CEO Alex Blania has told other outlets that the company has changed many of its data collection and privacy practices, though there are reasons to be skeptical. The company hasn’t specified exactly how it’s done this, beyond saying it has stopped some of the most exploitative and deceptive recruitment tactics.
In emails Eileen recently exchanged with Worldcoin, a spokesperson was vague about how the company was handling personal data, saying that “the Worldcoin Foundation complies with all laws and regulations governing the processing of personal data in the markets where Worldcoin is available, including the General Data Protection Regulation (‘GDPR’) … The project will continue to cooperate with governing bodies on requests for more information about its privacy and data protection practices.”
The spokesperson added, “It is important to stress that The Worldcoin Foundation and its contributor Tools for Humanity never have and never will sell users’ personal data.”
But, Eileen notes, we (again) have nothing but the company’s word that this is true. That’s one reason we should keep a close eye on what government investigators start to uncover about Worldcoin.
The legality of Worldcoin's biometric data collection is at the heart of an investigation the French government launched into Worldcoin and a probe by a German data protection agency, which has been investigating Worldcoin since November of last year, according to Reuters. On July 25, the Information Commissioner’s Officer in the UK put out a statement that it will be “making enquiries” into the company. Then on August 2, Kenya’s Office of Data Protection suspended the project in the country, saying it will investigate whether Worldcoin is in compliance with the country’s Data Protection Act.
Importantly, a core objective of the Worldcoin project is to perfect its “proof of personhood” methodology, which requires a lot of data to train AI models. If its proof-of-personhood system becomes widely adopted, this could be quite lucrative for its investors, particularly during an AI gold rush like the one we’re seeing now.
The company announced this week that it will allow other companies and governments to deploy its identity system.
“Worldcoin’s proposed identity solution is problematic whether or not other companies and governments use it. Of course, it would be worse if it were used more broadly without so many key questions being answered,” says Eileen. “But I think at this stage, it’s clever marketing to try to convince everyone to get scanned and sign up so that they can achieve the ‘fastest’ and ‘biggest onboarding into crypto and Web3’ to date, as Blania told me last year.”
Eileen points out that Worldcoin has also not yet clarified whether it still uses the biometric data it collects to train its artificial intelligence models, or whether it has deleted the biometric data it already collected from test users and was using in training, as it told MIT Technology Review it would do before launch.
“I haven’t seen anything that suggests that they’ve actually stopped training their algorithms—or that they ever would,” Eileen says. “I mean, that’s the point of AI, right? that it’s supposed to get smarter.”
What else
- Meta’s oversight board, which issues independently drafted and binding policies, is reviewing how the company is handling misinformation about abortion. Currently, the company’s moderation decisions are a bit of a mess, according to this nice explainer-y piece in Slate. We should expect the board to issue new abortion-information-specific policies in the coming weeks.
- At the end of July, Twitter rebranded to X, in a strange, unsurprising-yet-surprising move by its new czar Elon. I loved Casey Newton’s obituary-style take, in which he argues that Musk’s $44 billion investment was really just a wasteful act of “cultural vandalism.”
- Nobel-winning economist Joseph Stiglitz is worried that AI will worsen inequality, and he spoke with Scientific American about how we might get off the path we seem to currently be on. Well worth a read!
Learned
Bots on social media are likely being supercharged by ChatGPT. Researchers from Indiana University have released a preprint paper that shows a Twitter botnet of over 1,000 accounts, which the researchers call fox8, “that appears to employ ChatGPT to generate human-like content.” The botnet promoted fake-news websites and stolen images, and it’s an alarming preview of a social media environment fueled by AI and machine-generated misinformation. Tech Policy Press wrote a great quick analysis on the findings.
Tate Ryan-Mosley Technologyreview worldcoin-officially-launched-why-its-being-investigated
The Eyeball-Scanning Crypto Project Launched By OpenAI’s Sam Altman
Worldcoin, the ambitious cryptocurrency and digital ID project spearheaded by OpenAI chief Sam Altman,
Key Facts
At the heart of the Worldcoin project is an eye-scanning “orb,” which must be used in-person and gives users a unique digital identity to verify they are a real human and not a bot.
A cryptocurrency—which can be used once a user has verified their identity and is also named Worldcoin—and an app that allows users to make payments, purchase and transfers with it, as well as other digital assets, are also key parts of the project.
After collecting more than 2 million users during a beta period, Worldcoin on Monday said it is now going to ramp up its eyeball-scanning operations to 35 cities across 20 countries.
The Worldcoin cryptocurrency token has also been issued to eligible people taking part in the beta and is now tradable, the project said.
Several exchanges have now listed the token or stated their intention to do so, including Binance, the world’s largest crypto exchange by trading volume.
Alex Blania, who cofounded Worldcoin with Altman, said the need to prove a person is real is “no longer a topic of serious debate” in the age of AI, adding that Worldcoin hopes to build a “privacy-first, decentralized and maximally inclusive” way of addressing this problem.
Tangent
Since its informal launch several years ago, the Worldcoin project has had its fair share of critics. Key concerns revolve around the use of biometric data—the eye scans—to verify users’ identity, particularly the privacy risks involved with collecting, storing and using such data. To some, the fact that the project incentivized early users to sign up in exchange for some of the cryptocurrency functioned as an outlandish bribe. Given that a key use of the blockchain, the technology underpinning cryptocurrencies and other distributed networks, is to obscure one’s identity, others disagree with the very premise of Worldcoin being used to identify people in such a personal and precise manner.
What To Watch For
Altman said he hopes to get 2 billion users signed up to Worldcoin now the platform has formally launched. It’s unclear how quickly the company will be able to scale, particularly given the need for in-person appointments. Worldcoin’s website says it is actively onboarding orb operators in additional locations and that 2,000 orbs have been manufactured.
Crucial Quote
Altman said a project like Worldcoin “feels especially important in the AI era” when it’s becoming increasingly difficult to tell the work of humans and machines apart. “Like any really ambitious project, maybe it works out and maybe it doesn’t, but trying stuff like this is how progress happens,” Altman said. “In either case, we especially love our haters, it gives us energy, please keep it coming!
Robert Hart Forbes what-is-worldcoin-heres-what-to-know-about-the-eyeball-scanning-crypto-project-launched-by-openais-sam-altman
Criticisms of Worldcoin
The project has already received a fair amount of criticism for its lofty goals and dubious methods.
After launching, Ethereum founder Vitalik Buterin expressed his concerns about Worldcoin in a blog post. He argued that the platform’s iris scans could be harvesting more information than the company is letting on, or that someone could potentially scan someone else’s iris in order to determine whether they had a World ID.
An April 2022 MIT Technology Review article claimed that Worldcoin used “deceptive marketing practices, collected more personal data than it acknowledged, and failed to obtain meaningful informed consent.”
The company issued a 25-page rebuttal to MIT Technology Review’s criticisms. “We want to make it very clear that Worldcoin is not a data company and our business model does not involve exploiting or selling personal user data,” it wrote. “Worldcoin is only interested in a user’s uniqueness—i.e., that they have not signed up for Worldcoin before—not their identity.”
Worldcoin has also been criticized for widely promoting the platform in the developing world. A significant portion of new users are in Asia and Africa, raising concerns about exploitation.
“Most alarming to me is how the WorldCoin team has boasted about how many users they have. When in reality they have been exploiting people in developing countries,” tweeted pseudonymous crypto influencer ZachXBT.
Finally, in an October 2021 early funding round, Worldcoin received an investment by Sam Bankman-Fried, the notorious founder of failed crypto exchange FTX.
Benjamin Curry Caren Weiner Forbes what-is-worldcoin
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