ACTIVE ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS
Strictly speaking, an Active Component is a device that acts as a source of energy, like a battery. But the definition of Active Components differs according to a few electronic engineers who perform circuit analysis. Active components are defined as the devices that depend on energy source and can introduce power into a circuit.
For example consider the diode, which is an active component. When the diode is connected to the circuit and energy source is applied, it immediately does not conduct the electrons. It starts conducting only when its threshold value is reached. Thus it depends on the energy source for its working. Hence it is an active component.
Active Electronic Components can control the flow of electrons through them. Some of the commonly used Active Components are Transistors, Semiconductors(Diodes), ICs (Integrated Circuits), Power Sources (Batteries, AC and DC Power Supplies), etc.
Diodes
A diode is a non-linear semiconductor device, that allows the flow of current in one direction. A Diode is a two – terminal device and the two terminals are Anode and Cathode respectively. The following is the symbol of a Diode.
There are again a variety of components that come under the category of Diodes. They are PN Junction Diode, Light Emitting Diode (LED), Zener Diode, Schottky Diode, Photodiode, and DIAC.
Table for different types of diodes
Diode |
Application |
GUNN Diode |
Used in producing microwave signals |
Laser Diode |
Used in fiber optic communications, barcode readers ,CD/DVD drives. |
Light emitting diode |
Using lightening applications like aviation lightening, traffic signals, camera flashes. |
Photodiode |
Used as high voltage rectifier, photo detector, radio frequency switch. |
Step recovery Diode |
Used for generation and shaping of high frequency pulses. |
Tunnel Diode |
Used in microwave applications |
Varactor diode |
Mostly used in radio frequency applications. |
Zener Diode |
Mostly used as voltage reference diodes |
Transistors
It is a semiconductor device that can be used to either switch electrical power or amplify electronic signals.
A Transistor is a 3 terminal device that can be either a current controlled device or a voltage controlled device.Differenttypes of transistors exists. Basically they are classified as
1) Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT) and
2) Field Effect Transistors (FET).
They can be further classified
More information on Transistors.
Integrated Circuits (ICs)
An Integrated Circuit or an IC is an integration or incorporation of several electronic components (mainly transistors) on a single device (or chip) made up of a semiconductor material (usually Silicon).
Almost all electronic devices like TVs, Mobile Phones, Laptops, Audio Players, Routers, etc. have Integrated Circuit in them.
ICs are again divided into Analog ICs and Digital ICs.
· Analog ICs work on Analog Signals like Temperature, Audio, etc. which are continuously varying in nature.
· Digital ICs on the other hand, work on Discrete Signals i.e. zero volts and a non-zero volts (like 5V or 3.3V) that are represented as Binary 0 and 1.
The commonly used IC in basic electronic circuits are Op – Amps (Operational Amplifiers) like LM741, Timers like NE555, Microcontrollers like AT89S52, Counters like CD4017 and Motor Drivers like L293D.
Vacuum Tubes
Before the invention of transistor vacuum tubes were used in place of transistors. This is defined as an electron tube that controls the flow of electrons in vacuum. CRT screens used in old TVs and computer monitors are best examples for vacuum tubes.
Display Devices
LCD: A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a flat display technology, which is mostly used in applications like computer monitors, cell phone displays, calculators, etc. This technology uses two polarized filters and electrodes to selectively disable or enable the light to pass from reflective backing to the eyes of the viewer. Please refer to this link to Know more about LCD
The display like 16X2 LCD is the most frequently used module in electrical as well as electronic circuits. This kind of display includes 2 rows and 16 columns so it is known as an alphanumeric display. This kind of display is used to show the highest of 32 characters. Please refer to this link to know more about 16 X 2 LCD
CRT
Cathode ray tube display technology is mostly used in televisions and computer screens that work on the movement of an electron beam back and forth on the back of the screen. This tube is an elongated vacuum tube in which the flattened surface has external components as an electron gun, electron beam, and a phosphorescent screen. Please refer to this link to Know more about cathode-ray tube
Display Devices
16 x 2 LCD
The most commonly used display module in electronic circuits is an LCD Display and in particular, a 16 x 2 LCD Display. It is an alphanumeric display with two rows and 16 columns and can display a maximum of 32 characters.
7 – Segment Display
Another common display module is the Seven Segment Display. It can be used to display decimal numerals in different electronic devices like clocks, meters, calculators, public information systems, etc.
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