Comparison of early HTML editors
HTML and images in your Email message
Comparison of early HTML editors
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Comparison of early HTML editors |
|||||||||
Program |
Author |
Version |
System |
HTML |
Display |
Forms |
Tables |
Integrated |
Cost |
ASHE |
John R. Punin |
1994 |
Unix |
No |
source |
Yes |
No |
No |
freeware |
HTML Assistant |
Brooklyn North Software |
1.4 |
Windows |
No |
source |
Yes |
No |
No |
freeware |
HTMLed |
Peter Crawshaw |
1.2e |
Windows |
No |
source |
No |
No |
No |
freeware |
HTML.edit |
Murray Altheim |
1.7b3 |
Macintosh |
No |
source |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
freeware |
Liem Bahenmann |
2.3 |
Unix |
No |
source |
Yes |
No |
No |
freeware |
|
asWedit |
Andrzej Stochniol |
1.1 |
Unix |
HTML 3 |
source |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
freeware |
HTML Editor |
Rick Giles |
1 |
Macintosh |
No |
WYSIWYG |
No |
No |
No |
freeware |
HTMLText |
Nick Williams/tim Wilkinson |
1.4 |
Unix |
No |
WYSIWYG |
No |
No |
No |
freeware |
University of Chicago |
0.1.7 |
Unix |
No |
WYSIWYG |
No |
No |
Yes |
freeware |
|
HTML Pro |
Niklas Frykholm |
1.08 |
Macintosh |
No |
WYSIWYG |
No |
No |
No |
freeware |
Webtor |
Jochen Schales |
.91prealpha2 |
Macintosh |
HTML2 |
WYSIWYG |
No |
No |
No |
freeware |
WebPages |
DART Software |
1.7 |
NextStep |
HTML 1 |
WYSIWYG |
No |
No |
No |
commercial |
WebMagic |
SiliconGraphics |
1 |
Irix |
HTML 2 |
WYSIWYG |
No |
No |
No |
commercial |
Arachnid |
Robert Burney |
1.5.3b |
Macintosh |
No |
WYSIWYG |
Yes |
No |
No |
freeware |
Live Markup |
MediaTech |
16b4a |
Windows |
HTML 2 |
WYSIWYG |
No |
No |
No |
commercial |
SoftQuad |
1.0+ |
Unix,Windows |
HTML 1 |
WYSIWYG |
Partial |
No |
No |
freeware |
|
HoTMetaL pro |
SoftQuad |
1 |
Unix, Windows, Macintosh |
HTML 2 |
WYSIWYG |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
commercial |
Symposia |
GRIF |
0.8 |
Unix |
HTML 2 |
WYSIWYG |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
beta |
See also
Text editors
Main article: List of text editors
Basic text editors
Plain text editors may be used to produce webpages. The following are some commonly used text editors:
Source code editors
Source code editors evolved from basic text editors, but include additional tools specifically geared toward handling code.
WYSIWYG editors
WYSIWYM (what you see is what you mean) is an alternative paradigm to WYSIWYG, in which the focus is on the semantic structure of the document rather than on the presentation. These editors produce more logically structured markup than is typical of WYSIWYG editors, while retaining the advantage in ease of use over hand-coding using a text editor.
Further information: Comparison of HTML editors
WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) code generators offer speed and ease of use.
Many of these editors do not require any knowledge of the programming languages generated by the software.
Some of these editors store pages in a proprietary format and then export them as HTML (possibly along with other formats); the user would continue to maintain the website by working with the files in the proprietary format and re-exporting them. Other, generally simpler WYSIWYG editors are designed to work directly with HTML files.
Exported files tend to be larger than hand-coded pages (those produced with a text-based HTML editor or a plain text editor).
WYSIWYG generators tend to be better than word processors at producing highly graphical and interactive pages.
Although the term WYSIWYG is often used for these editors, they are generally not truly WYSIWYG (see Difficulties in achieving WYSIWYG).
|
Discontinued editors
Editors that have been discontinued, but may be in common use
- Adobe GoLive – replaced by Adobe Dreamweaver
- Adobe PageMill– replaced by Adobe Dreamweaver
- AOLpress
- Apple iWeb
- Claris Home Page – replaced by Apple iWeb
- HotDog
- HoTMetaL– replaced by XMeTaL, a commercial XML editor
- Macromedia HomeSite – replaced by Adobe Dreamweaver
- Microsoft Expression Web – replaced by Visual Studio 2012 (Expression Web is available free, for a while)
- Microsoft FrontPage – replaced by Microsoft Expression Web and Microsoft SharePoint Designer
- Netscape Composer - Mozilla Composer – replaced by Nvu then KompoZer, or SeaMonkey Composer
- Nvu – developer Daniel Glazman is working on replacement called BlueGriffon, not directly derived from Nvu but still based on Mozilla technology; the KompoZer project maintains Nvu codebase and fixes bugs until a successor to Nvu is released
HTML and images in your
Email message
You can't add tables or images to your email.
this article explains how you can add images, tables etc. to your Email message.
This way, one can give more attention to there email, making it better to read
or to promote something.
To get this effect, you'll only need any kind of WYSIWYG HTML editor. Examples
of this can be Dreamwaever or Frontpage. Also online editors will work, like
DevEdit, Google Pages or any other you can find.
I recommend you to read A Guide to CSS Support in Email. As you can see, Gmail
doesn't support a lot of CSS. So, if you want to make sure that this will work,
exclude as much CSS as possible, making only use of HTML. Don't use "spacing",
"margin" etc.
First, make your email as you want it to look like. Now add your image to the
editor by pressing the Image button. A new window will appear with several
options. In the Source: field, enter the URL of your image. If you don't have a
webhost on your own, you can use ImageShack to upload your images for free.
Additionally, you can add a Title. Let the rest be as it is, only change the
Border Style to "No Border" if you're going to use the image as an URL. Now
press Insert to insert the image to your message.
Now you can make a link from your image. Select the image (or text if you want
to link it to another page) and press Hyperlink. This will also open up a new
window where you can set some values. Set the Source to the page you want to
link to. Set the Target to Blank. This will cause to open the URL in a new
windows. You can also change the Title of the link. Press Insert if you want to
embed the URL to your message.
When you're all done with your email, select it all (Ctrl+A). Now Copy you
message (Ctrl+C). Go to Gmail and compose a new message. Make sure you have Rich
Formatting set to On. Now Paste (Ctrl+V) your message in the message box of
Gmail. Now you should have your image in your Gmail with a URL to your website.
You can check if your URL is working by holding "Ctrl" and clicking on the link.
There you have it, your own image in a Gmail message. Experiment on your own on
what options are possible.
Even if your message can contain HTML, the standard signature doesn't allow rich
formatting, therefore you can't "Copy-Paste" your HTML code there. Also, it's a
lot of work copy-pasting your HTML signature in every email that you send.
There is a little workaround for this one, you'll just need Firefox as your
browser and install the Better Gmail Add-on. This add-on has a lot of features,
making it a really cool plugin.
When installed, go to Extra... > Better Gmail in Firefox. Go to the tab Compose
and set Signature Settings: Float/HTML/No dashes on. Now press Ok to save the
changes.
Go to your favorite WYSIWYG editor and create your signature. I made one with a
link to the RSS Feed of my website. Depending on your editor, you'll need to get
the plain HTML code. On online-html-editor.org, you'll need to go to Save file
now and open the downloaded file with Notepad. Select all the code between
<body> and </body> and Copy (Ctrl+C) it. Make sure no style / span attributes
are in your code.
Now go to Settings on your Gmail page. Select the tab General and scroll down to
Signature. Set the radio button from "No signature" to the radio button before
the empty text field. If you have Better Gmail correctly installed, you should
have the three checkboxes. Make sure you have the checkbox before Allow HTML in
Signature set to On. Now paste (Ctrl+V) your code from the previous step in the
signature text box. Scroll down and press Save changes to save. When now
creating a new email, you should have a nice looking signature with HTML format.
Enjoy this knowledge. Cheer up your Gmail messages and promote your site or
anything else more effective this way. Take a look at a complete list of HTML
tags to make even cooler messages. Also take note of the possibility that the
receiver of the message doesn't find the images / colors nice or cool, but finds
it rather annoying. Don't overdue it.
HTML BASICS
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language, a language used to develop web pages.
Hypertext refers to text which contains reference to other documents. It was developed by Ted Nelson in the 1960s. Hypermedia refers to media which contains sounds, pictures and/or video
A web browser is a software program used to access web pages. Examples are Opera, Safari, Internet explorer, Mozila, Google chrome, etc. A browser is almost always acting as a client, requesting information from the server. To view sample HTML load a web page from the net with a web browser and select view source from the view menu or shortcut menu.
The World Wide Web resulted from a project started by Tim Berners Lee at CERN (European Laboratory for Particle Physics)
HTML is derived from Structured Generalised Markup Language (SGML). XHTML (eXtensible HTML) is a combination of HTML and XML (eXtensible Markup Language). SGML is used to describe the structure of a document and allow for better migration from one documenting tool to another. SGML is stronger but more complex than HTML. XML provides most of the strengths of SGML with as much simplicity as possible.
Plug-ins are programs which extend the capabilities of a browser. Examples are macromedia shockwave, Real player, Adobe acrobat reader (displays PDF files), etc
Scripts are written to execute in HTML documents. Examples of Scripting Languages are VBscript and JavaScript. Applets are small applications written to run on web pages. All this technologies extend the capabilities of web sites.
(X)HTML Document Structure Elements
A
tag consists of the element name (usually an abbreviation of a longer descriptive name) within angle brackets (< >). The browser knows that any text within brackets is hidden and not displayed in the browser window.
Not all HTML tags have a beginning and ending tag. A few are single ended, meaning they usually have just a beginning. Some others are called containers because they hold extra information. These are not always tagged at both ends.
Tags are written in angle brackets. These brackets signal to the browser that an HTML instruction is enclosed. A sample HTML code element looks like
Syntax
Opening tag Element
<tag name>
Closing tag (starts with a /)
</tag name>
<tag name> Content here </tag name>
<tag_name> text text text </tag_name>
Example:
<h1> Heading One Here </h1>
The ending tag has the same name as the starting tag, but is preceded by a slash to indicate the tag's conclusion.
<tag_name attribute_name="argument">
Not all elements have content e.g. img element (image element). all elements are lowercase in XHTML unlike in HTML were it does not really matter
html - Informs browser that an HTML document follows. Its the root element that identifies the document as (X)HTML
head - Identifies the head of the document
title - Appears on the browsers title bar and gives the page a title
body - Identifies the body of the document that holds the content
<html>
<head>
<title>Title goes here</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1> This is the first heading on my page. </h1>
Web page Material Goes Here.
</body>
</html>
If one copies the text above (from <html> to <\html> ) into a notepad document and saves it with a .htm or .html extension, they will be able to open it with a web browser and see the
Although XHTML markup differs slightly from HTML, the
file suffix for XHTML web
pages remains .html (or .htm if one swear by old-fashioned 8.3 DOS naming
techniques
RELATIVE TAGS - Indicate that some formatting effect is required but do not define the exact way in which that effect is to be created.
FIXED TAGS - Indicate that a particular format is needed but can be relied upon to behave in the same way in all browsers. eg <i>italic</i>, <u> underline </u>, <b> Bold </b>
Links begin with the link tag <A> and end with
</A>. This is an example of an anchor tag, so named because it creates an anchor
for links in your document.
The <A> tag is different from the tags we've seen so far in that it has some
more text inside the angle brackets. Here's a sample link in a document:
<A HREF="page_2.html">Go to Page 2</A>
In this example, the text between the two tags is what is displayed on-screen,
so the user would see the text "Go to Page 2" underlined and usually in another
color to indicate that it is a link. If the user clicks on the link, the HREF
reference in the <A> tag is read and the document page_2.html is read in to the
browser.
HREF, meaning hypertext reference, gives the name of a
file or a URL that the link points to.
One can use links either in the body of text or as a separate item on a menu,
for example. The following code shows a link in a paragraph and one on a line by
itself:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> This is my Web Page! Welcome! </TITLE></HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1> This is the first heading on my page. </H1>
<P>This is a bunch of text that is written on my home page. I hope you like it.
If you would like to know more about me, choose <A HREF="about_me.html">Tell
me more about You</A> and I'll tout my virtues for you. </P>
<P><A HREF="biblio.html">See Bibliography</A>
</BODY>
</HTML>
HTML on Links is from rinet.ru
Style sheet declaration of display rules, specifying the display attributes of HTML elements. Style sheets always override the browsers choices for an element. The ability to have severall styles sheets controlling the appearance of a web site adds 'cascading' to the name of this standard
Example (saved as example1.css)
.samplestyle {margine-top:31px;
font-family:fantasy;
font-size:60px;
text-align:center;
color:black}
the CSS name begins with a fullstop and has a single style name with no spacing. In the example above the style name is samplestyle. px is short for pixels. each attribute ends with a semi colon.
If one is required to make a small change (example changing the font) to multiple pages in a web that uses CSS, all they would do is to edit the attribute in the CSS instead of doing so in multiple pages one by one.
HTML Editors- make it easy to create web pages. HTML code usually looks messy because of additional tags thus difficult to carry out manual changes. HTML Editors are categorized as Converters, templates, word processor extensions, purpose built HTML editors (eg Microsoft Frontpage, Publisher, Dreamweaver, Hotmetal, SoftQuad), HTML suites
ActiveX controls in HTML documents
• ActiveX controls, such as textboxes, command buttons,
and user-built controls, can be placed on Web pages.
• The Visual Studio.net ActiveX control pad makes it easier to place text,
controls, and programs into HTML document.
HTML Tags Quick Reference --by Dick Oliver
These tags are used to create a basic HTML page with text, headings, and lists. An (MS) beside the attribute indicates Microsoft.
Comments
<!- ... -> Creates a comment. Can also be used to hide JavaScript from browsers that do not support it.
<COMMENT>...</COMMENT> The new offical way of specifying comments.
Structure Tags
<HTML>...</HTML> Encloses the entire HTML document.
<HEAD>...</HEAD> Encloses the head of the HTML document.
<BODY>...</BODY> Encloses the body (text and tags) of the HTML document.
Attributes :
BACKGROUND="..." The name or URL of the image to tile on the page background.
BGCOLOR="..." The color of the page background.
TEXT="..." The color of the page's text.
LINK="..." The color of unfollowed links.
ALINK="..." The color of activated links.
VLINK="..." The color of followed links.
BGPROPERTIES="..." (MS) Properties of background image. Currently allows only the
value FIXED , which prevents the background image from scrolling.
TOPMARGIN="..." (MS) Top margin of the page, in pixels.
BOTTOMMARGIN="..." (MS) Bottom margin of the page, in pixels.
<BASE> Indicates the full URL of the current document. This optional tag is used within <HEAD> .
Attribute:
HREF="..." The full URL of this document.
<ISINDEX> Indicates that this document is a gateway script that allows searches.
Attributes :
PROMPT="..." The prompt for the search field.
ACTION="..." Gateway program to which the search string should be passed.
<LINK> Indicates a link between this document and some other document. Generally used only by
HTML-generating tools. <LINK> represents a link from this entire document to another, as opposed to
<A> , which can create multiple links in the document. Not commonly used.
Attributes :
HREF="..." The URL of the document to call when the link is activated.
NAME="..." If the document is to be considered an anchor, the name of that anchor.
REL="..." The relationship between the linked-to document and the current document; for
example, "TOC" or "Glossary" .
rev="..." A reverse relationship between the current document and the linked-to
document.
URN="..." A Uniform Resource Number (URN), a unique identifier different from the
URL in HREF .
TITLE="..." The title of the linked-to document.
METHODS="..." The method with which the document is to be retrieved; for example, FTP,
Gopher, and so on.
<META> Indicates meta-information about this document (information about the document itself); for
example, keywords for search engines, special HTTP headers to be used for retrieving this document,
expiration date, and so on. Meta-information is usually in a key/value pair form. Used in the document
<HEAD> .
Attributes :
HTTP-EQUIV="..." Creates a new HTTP header field with the same name as the attribute's
value; for example, HTTP-EQUIV="Expires" . The value of that header is specified by the
CONTENT attribute.
NAME="..." If meta-data is usually in the form of key/value pairs, NAME indicates the key;
for example, Author or ID .
CONTENT="..." The content of the key/value pair (or of the HTTP header indicated by
HTTP-EQUIV) .
<NEXTID> Indicates the "next" document to this one (as might be defined by a tool to manage HTML
documents in series). <NEXTID> is considered obsolete.
Headings and Title
<H1>...</H1> A first-level heading.
<H2>...</H2> A second-level heading.
<H3>...</H3> A third-level heading.
<H4>...</H4> A fourth-level heading.
<H5>...</H5> A fifth-level heading.
<H6>...</H6> A sixth-level heading.
<TITLE>...</TITLE> Indicates the title of the document. Used within <HEAD> .
All heading tags accept the following attribute:
Attribute :
ALIGN="..." Possible values are CENTER , LEFT , and RIGHT .
Paragraphs and Regions
<P>...</P> A plain paragraph. The closing tag ( </P> ) is optional.
Attribute :
ALIGN="..." Align text to CENTER , LEFT , or RIGHT .
<DIV>...</DIV> A region of text to be formatted.
Attribute :
ALIGN="..." Align text to CENTER , LEFT , or RIGHT .
Links
<A>...</A> With the HREF attribute, creates a link to another document or anchor; with the NAME
attribute, creates an anchor that can be linked to.
Attributes :
HREF="..." The URL of the document to be called when the link is activated.
NAME="..." The name of the anchor.
REL="..." The relationship between the linked-to document and the current document; for
example, "TOC" or "Glossary" (not commonly used).
rev="..." A reverse relationship between the current document and the linked-to document (not commonly used).
URN="..." A Uniform Resource Number (URN), a unique identifier different from the
URL in HREF (not commonly used).
TITLE="..." The title of the linked-to document (not commonly used).
METHODS="..." The method with which the document is to be retrieved; for example, FTP,
Gopher, and so on (not commonly used).
TARGET="..." The name of a frame that the linked document should appear in.
Lists
<OL>...</OL> An ordered (numbered) list.
Attributes :
TYPE="..." The type of numerals to label the list. Possible values are A , a , I , i , 1 .
START="..." The value with which to start this list.
<UL>...</UL> An unordered (bulleted) list.
Attribute :
TYPE="..." The bullet dingbat to mark list items. Possible values are DISC , CIRCLE (or
ROUND ), and SQUARE .
<MENU>...</MENU> A menu list of items.
<DIR>...</DIR> A directory listing; items are generally smaller than 20 characters.
<LI> A list item for use with <OL> , <UL> , <MENU> , or <DIR> .
Attributes :
TYPE="..." The type of bullet or number to label this item with. Possible values are DISC ,
CIRCLE, (or ROUND ) SQUARE , A , a , I , i , 1 .
VALUE="..." The numeric value this list item should have (affects this item and all below
it in <OL> lists).
<DL>...</DL> A definition or glossary list.
Attribute :
COMPACT The COMPACT attribute specifies a formatting that takes less whitespace to present.
<DT> A definition term, as part of a definition list.
<DD> The corresponding definition to a definition term, as part of a definition list.
Character Formatting
<EM>...</EM> Emphasis (usually italic).
<STRONG>...</STRONG> Stronger emphasis (usually bold).
<CODE>...</CODE> Code sample (usually Courier).
<KBD>...</KBD> Text to be typed (usually Courier).
<VAR>...</VAR> A variable or placeholder for some other value.
<SAMP>...</SAMP> Sample text (seldom used).
<DFN>...</DFN> A definition of a term.
< CITE>...</CITE> A citation.
<B>...</B> Boldface text.
<I>...</I> Italic text.
<TT>...</TT> Typewriter (monospaced) font.
<PRE>...</PRE> Preformatted text (exact line endings and spacing are preserved-usually rendered in a
monospaced font).
<BIG>...</BIG> Text is slightly larger than normal.
<SMALL>...</SMALL> Text is slightly smaller than normal.
<SUB>...</SUB> Subscript.
<SUP>...</SUP> Superscript.
<STRIKE>...</STRIKE> Puts a strikethrough line in text.
Other Elements
<HR> A horizontal rule line.
Attributes :
SIZE="..." The thickness of the rule, in pixels.
WIDTH="..." The width of the rule, in pixels or as a percentage of the document width.
ALIGN="..." How the rule line is aligned on the page. Possible values are LEFT , RIGHT ,
and CENTER .
NOSHADE Causes the rule line to be drawn as a solid line instead of a transparent bevel.
COLOR="..." (MS) Color of the horizontal rule.
<BR> A line break.
Attribute :
CLEAR="..." Causes the text to stop flowing around any images. Possible values are
RIGHT , LEFT , ALL .
<NOBR>...</NOBR> Causes the enclosed text not to wrap at the edge of the page.
<WBR> Wraps the text at this point only if necessary.
<BLOCKQUOTE>... </BLOCKQUOTE> Used for long quotes or citations.
<ADDRESS>...</ADDRESS> Used for signatures or general information about a document's author.
<CENTER>...</CENTER> Centers text or images.
<BLINK>...</BLINK> Causes the enclosed text to blink irritatingly.
<FONT>...</FONT> Changes the size of the font for the enclosed text.
Attributes :
SIZE="..." The size of the font, from 1 to 7 . Default is 3 . Can also be specified as a value
relative to the current size; for example, +2 .
COLOR="..." Changes the color of the text.
FACE="..." (MS) Name of font to use if it can be found on the user's system. Multiple font
names can be separated by commas, and the first font on the list that can be found is used.
<BASEFONT> Sets the default size of the font for the current page.
Attribute :
SIZE="..." The default size of the font, from 1 to 7 . Default is 3 .
Images, Sounds, and Embedded Media
<IMG> Inserts an inline image into the document.
Attributes :
ISMAP This image is a clickable image map.
SRC="..." The URL of the image.
ALT="..." A text string that is displayed in browsers that cannot support images.
ALIGN="..." Determines the alignment of the given image. If LEFT or RIGHT (N), the
image is aligned to the left or right column, and all following text flows beside that image.
All other values , such as TOP , MIDDLE , BOTTOM , or the Netscape-only TEXTTOP , ABSMIDDLE ,
BASELINE , and ABSBOTTOM , determine the vertical alignment of this image with other items
in the same line.
VSPACE="..." The space between the image and the text above or below it.
HSPACE="..." The space between the image and the text to its left or right.
WIDTH="..." The width, in pixels, of the image. If WIDTH is not the actual width, the image
is scaled to fit.
HEIGHT="..." The width, in pixels, of the image. If HEIGHT is not the actual height, the
image is scaled to fit.
BORDER="..." Draws a border of the specified value in pixels to be drawn around the
image. In the case of images that are also links, BORDER changes the size of the default link
border.
LOWSRC="..." The path or URL of an image that will be loaded first, before the image
specified in SRC . The value of LOWSRC is usually a smaller or lower resolution version of the
actual image.
USEMAP="..." The name of an image map specification for client-side image mapping.
Used with <MAP> and <AREA> .
DYNSRC="..." (MS) The address of a video clip or VRML world (dynamic source).
CONTROLS (MS) Used with DYNSRC to display a set of playback controls for inline video.
LOOP="..." (MS) The number of times a video clip will loop. ( -1 or INFINITE means to
loop indefinitely.)
START="..." (MS) When a DYNSRC video clip should start playing. Valid options are
FILEOPEN (play when page is displayed) or MOUSEOVER (play when mouse cursor passes
over the video clip.
<BGSOUND> (MS) Plays a sound file as soon as the page is displayed.
Attributes :
SRC="..." The URL of the WAV, AU, or MIDI sound file to embed.
LOOP="..." (MS) The number of times a video clip will loop. ( -1 or INFINITE means to
loop indefinitely.)
<OBJECT> (MS) Inserts an image, video, Java applet, or ActiveX OLE control into a document.
WIDTH=180> BORDERCOLOR=#000000 BORDER=1> Note
The full syntax for the <OBJECT> tag, Check
http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/TR/WD-object.html and
http://www.microsoft.com/intdev/author/ for the latest attributes supported by the
HTML 3.2 standard and implemented in Microsoft Internet Explorer.
<EMBED> (Netscape only) Embeds a file to be read or displayed by a plug-in application.
Note
In addition to the following standard attributes, you can specify
applet-specific attributes to be interpreted by the plug-in that displays
the embedded object.
Attributes :
SRC="..." The URL of the file to embed.
WIDTH="..." The width of the embedded object in pixels.
HEIGHT="..." The height of the embedded object in pixels.
ALIGN="..." Determines the alignment of the media window. Values are the same as for
the <IMG> tag.
VSPACE="..." The space between the media and the text above or below it.
HSPACE="..." The space between the media and the text to its left or right.
BORDER="..." Draws a border of the specified size in pixels to be drawn around the media.
<NOEMBED>...</NOEMBED> (N) Alternate text or images to be shown to users who do not have a plug-in
installed.
<OBJECT> (MS) Inserts an embedded program, control, or other object.
<MAP>...</MAP> A client-side image map, referenced by <IMG USEMAP="..."> . Includes one or more
<AREA> tags.
< AREA> Defines a clickable link within a client-side image map.
Attributes :
SHAPE="..." The shape of the clickable area. Currently, only RECT is supported.
COORDS="..." The left, top, right, and bottom coordinates of the clickable region within an
image.
HREF="..." The URL that should be loaded when the area is clicked.
NOHREF Indicates that no action should be taken when this area of the image is clicked.
Forms
<FORM>...</FORM> Indicates an input form.
Attributes :
ACTION="..." The URL of the script to process this form input.
METHOD="..." How the form input will be sent to the gateway on the server side. Possible
values are GET and POST .
EncTYPE="..." Normally has the value application/x-www-form-urlencoded . For file
uploads, use multipart/form-data .
NAME="..." A name by which JavaScript scripts can refer to the form.
<INPUT> An input element for a form.
Attributes :
TYPE="..." The type for this input widget. Possible values are chECKBOX , HIDDEN , RADIO ,
RESET , SUBMIT , TEXT , SEND FILE , or IMAGE .
NAME="..." The name of this item, as passed to the gateway script as part of a name/value pair.
VALUE="..." For a text or hidden widget, the default value; for a checkbox or radio button,
the value to be submitted with the form; for Reset or Submit buttons, the label for the button itself.
SRC="..." The source file for an image.
chECKED For checkboxes and radio buttons, indicates that the widget is checked.
SIZE="..." The size, in characters, of a text widget.
MAXLENGTH="..." The maximum number of characters that can be entered into a text
widget.
ALIGN="..." For images in forms, determines how the text and image align (same as with
the <IMG> tag).
<TEXTAREA>...</TEXTAREA> Indicates a multiline text entry form element. Default text can be
included.
Attributes :
NAME="..." The name to be passed to the gateway script as part of the name/value pair.
ROWS="..." The number of rows this text area displays.
COLS="..." The number of columns (characters) this text area displays.
WRAP="..." (N) Control text wrapping. Possible values are OFF , VIRTUAL , and PHYSICAL .
<SELECT>...</SELECT> Creates a menu or scrolling list of possible items.
Attributes :
NAME="..." The name that is passed to the gateway script as part of the name/value pair.
SIZE="..." The number of elements to display. If SIZE is indicated, the selection becomes
a scrolling list. If no SIZE is given, the selection is a pop-up menu.
MULTIPLE Allows multiple selections from the list.
< OPTION> Indicates a possible item within a <SELECT> element.
Attributes :
SELECTED With this attribute included, the <OPTION> is selected by default in the list.
VALUE="..." The value to submit if this <OPTION> is selected when the form is submitted.
Tables
<TABLE>...</TABLE> Creates a table that can contain a caption ( <CAPTION> ) and any number of rows
( <TR> ).
Attributes :
BORDER="..." Indicates whether the table should be drawn with or without a border. In
Netscape, BORDER can also have a value indicating the width of the border.
CELLSPACING="..." The amount of space between the cells in the table.
CELLPADDING="..." The amount of space between the edges of the cell and its contents.
WIDTH="..." The width of the table on the page, in either exact pixel values or as a
percentage of page width.
ALIGN="..." (MS) Alignment (works like IMG ALIGN ). Values are LEFT or RIGHT .
BACKGROUND="..." (MS) Background image to tile within all cells in the table that don't
contain their own BACKGROUND or BGCOLOR attribute.
BGCOLOR="..." (MS) Background color of all cells in the table that don't contain their own
BACKGROUND or BGCOLOR attribute.
BORDERCOLOR="..." (MS) Border color (used with BORDER="..." ).
BORDERCOLORLIGHT="..." (MS) Color for light part of 3D-look borders (used with
BORDER="..." ).
BORDERCOLORDARK="..." (MS) Color for dark part of 3D-look borders (used with
BORDER="..." ).
VALIGN="..." (MS) Alignment of text within the table. Values are TOP and BOTTOM .
FRAME="..." (MS) Controls which external borders appear around a table. Values are void
(no frames), above (top border only), below (bottom border only), hsides (top and
bottom), lhs (left - hand side), rhs (right - hand side), vsides (left and right sides), and box
(all sides).
RULES="..." (MS) Controls which internal borders appear in the table. Values are none ,
basic (rules between THEAD , TBODY , and TFOOT only), rows (horizontal borders only), cols
(vertical borders only), and all .
<CAPTION>...</CAPTION> The caption for the table.
Attribute :
ALIGN="..." The position of the caption. Possible values are TOP and BOTTOM .
<TR>...</TR> Defines a table row, containing headings and data ( <TR> and <TH> tags).
Attributes :
ALIGN="..." The horizontal alignment of the contents of the cells within this row.
Possible values are LEFT , RIGHT , and CENTER .
VALIGN="..." The vertical alignment of the contents of the cells within this row. Possible
values are TOP , MIDDLE , BOTTOM , and BASELINE .
BACKGROUND="..." (MS) Background image to tile within all cells in the row that don't
contain their own BACKGROUND or BGCOLOR attributes.
BGCOLOR="..." Background color of all cells in the row that don't contain their own
BACKGROUND or BGCOLOR attributes.
BORDERCOLOR="..." (MS) Border color (used with BORDER="..." ).
BORDERCOLORLIGHT="..." (MS) Color for light part of 3D-look borders (used with
BORDER="..." ).
BORDERCOLORDARK="..." (MS) Color for dark part of 3D-look borders (used with
BORDER="..." ).
<TH>...</TH> Defines a table heading cell.
Attributes :
ALIGN="..." The horizontal alignment of the contents of the cell. Possible values are
LEFT , RIGHT , and CENTER .
VALIGN="..." The vertical alignment of the contents of the cell. Possible values are TOP ,
MIDDLE , BOTTOM , and BASELINE .
ROWSPAN="..." The number of rows this cell will span.
COLSPAN="..." The number of columns this cell will span.
NOWRAP Does not automatically wrap the contents of this cell.
WIDTH="..." The width of this column of cells, in exact pixel values or as a percentage of
the table width.
BACKGROUND="..." (MS) Background image to tile within the cell.
BGCOLOR="..." (MS) Background color of the cell.
BORDERCOLOR="..." (MS) Border color (used with BORDER="..." ).
BORDERCOLORLIGHT="..." (MS) Color for light part of 3D-look borders (used with
BORDER="..." ).
BORDERCOLORDARK="..." (MS) Color for dark part of 3D-look borders (used with
BORDER="..." ).
< TD>...</TD> Defines a table data cell.
Attributes :
ALIGN="..." The horizontal alignment of the contents of the cell. Possible values are
LEFT , RIGHT , and CENTER .
VALIGN="..." The vertical alignment of the contents of the cell. Possible values are TOP ,
MIDDLE , BOTTOM , and BASELINE .
ROWSPAN="..." The number of rows this cell will span.
COLSPAN="..." The number of columns this cell will span.
NOWRAP Does not automatically wrap the contents of this cell.
WIDTH="..." The width of this column of cells, in exact pixel values or as a percentage of
the table width.
BACKGROUND="..." (MS) Background image to tile within the cell.
BGCOLOR="..." (MS) Background color of the cell.
BORDERCOLOR="..." (MS) Border color (used with BORDER="..." ).
BORDERCOLORLIGHT="..." (MS) Color for light part of 3D-look borders (used with
BORDER="..." ).
BORDERCOLORDARK="..." (MS) Color for dark part of 3D-look borders (used with
BORDER="..." ).
<THEAD> (MS) Begins the header section of a table. The closing </THEAD> tag is optional.
<TBODY> (MS) Begins the body section of a table. The closing </TBODY> tag is optional.
<TFOOT> (MS) Begins the footer section of a table. The closing </TFOOT> tag is optional.
<COL>...</COL> (MS) Sets width and alignment properties for one or more columns.
Attributes :
WIDTH="..." Width of column(s) in pixels or relative width followed by a * ( "2*" columns
will be twice as wide as "1*" columns, for example).
ALIGN="..." Text alignment within the column(s). Valid values are center , justify ,
left , and right .
SPAN="..." Number of columns that the properties specified in this <COL> tag apply to.
<COLGROUP>...</COLGROUP> Sets properties of a group of columns all at once (should enclose one or
more <COL> tags).
Attributes :
ALIGN="..." Text alignment within the columns. Valid values are center , justify , left ,
and right .
VALIGN="..." Vertical alignment of text within the columns. Valid values are baseline ,
bottom , middle , and top .
Frames
<FRAMESET>...</FRAMESET> Divides the main window into a set of frames that can each display a
separate document.
Attributes :
ROWS="..." Splits the window or frameset vertically into a number of rows specified by a
number (such as 7 ), a percentage of the total window width (such as 25% ), or as an asterisk
( * ) indicating that a frame should take up all the remaining space or divide the space evenly
between frames (if multiple * frames are specified).
COLS="..." Works similar to ROWS , except that the window or frameset is split horizontally into columns.
< FRAME> Defines a single frame within a < FRAMESET> .
Attributes :
SRC="..." The URL of the document to be displayed in this frame.
NAME="..." A name to be used for targeting this frame with the TARGET attribute in <A
HREF> links.
<MARGINWIDTH> The amount of space to leave to the left and right side of a document
within a frame, in pixels.
<MARGINHEIGHT> The amount of space to leave above and below a document within a
frame, in pixels.
SCROLLING="..." Determines whether a frame has scroll bars. Possible values are YES , NO ,
and AUTO .
NORESIZE Prevents the user from resizing this frame (and possibly adjacent frames) with
the mouse.
FRAMEBORDER="..." (MS) Specifies whether to display a border for a frame. Options are
YES and NO .
FRAMESPACING="..." (MS) Space between frames, in pixels.
< /NOFRAME>...</NOFRAMES> Provides an alternative document body in < FRAMESET> documents for
browsers that do not support frames (usually encloses <BODY>...</BODY> ).
Scripting and Applets
< APPLET> Inserts a self-running Java applet.
Note
In addition to the following standard attributes, you can specify
applet-specific attributes to be interpreted by the Java applet itself.
Attributes :
CLASS="..." The name of the applet.
SRC="..." The URL of the directory where the compiled applet can be found (should end
in a slash / as in "http://mysite/myapplets/" ). Do not include the actual applet name,
which is specified with the CLASS attribute.
ALIGN="..." Indicates how the applet should be aligned with any text that follows it.
Current values are TOP , MIDDLE , and BOTTOM .
WIDTH="..." The width of the applet output area in pixels.
HEIGHT="..." The height of the applet output area in pixels.
<SCRIPT> An interpreted script program.
Attributes :
LANGUAGE="..." Currently only JAVASCRIPT is supported by Netscape. Both
JAVASCRIPT and VBSCRIPT are supported by Microsoft.
SRC="..." Specifies the URL of a file that includes the script program.
Marquees
< MARQUEE>...</MARQUEE> (MS) Displays text in a scrolling marquee.
Attributes :
WIDTH="..." The width of the embedded object in pixels or a percentage of window
width.
HEIGHT="..." The height of the embedded object in pixels or a percentage of window
height.
ALIGN="..." Determines the alignment of the text outside the marquee. Values are TOP ,
MIDDLE , and BOTTOM .
BORDER="..." Draws a border of the specified size in pixels to be drawn around the media.
BEHAVIOR="..." How the text inside the marquee should behave. Options are SCROLL
(continuous scrolling), SLIDE (slide text in and stop), and ALTERNATE (bounce back and
forth).
BGCOLOR="..." Background color for the marquee.
DIRECTION="..." Direction for text to scroll ( LEFT or RIGHT ).
VSPACE="..."
Space above and below the marquee, in pixels.
HSPACE="..." Space on each side of the marquee, in pixels.
SCROLLAMOUNT="..." Number of pixels to move each time text in the marquee is redrawn.
SCROLLDELAY="..." Number of milliseconds between each redraw of marquee text.
LOOP="..." (MS) The number of times marquee will loop. ( -1 or INFINITE means to loop
indefinitely.)
HTML5 is a markup language for structuring and presenting content for the World Wide Web, and is a core technology of the Internet originally proposed by Opera Software. It is the fifth revision of the HTML standard (created in 1990 and standardized as HTML4 as of 1997) and, as of October 2012, is still under development. Its core aims have been to improve the language with support for the latest multimedia while keeping it easily readable by humans and consistently understood by computers and devices (web browsers, parsers, etc.). HTML5 is intended to subsume not only HTML 4, but XHTML 1 and DOM Level 2 HTML as well.
HTML5 is not software that has to be installed but rather a new version of the language HTML. Web browsers must support this new version of HTML in order to correctly display web pages using HTML5 functions. It is upon the developers of browsers to update their software to use HTML5; users simply must allow these updates to be done on their computers, but do not have to install additional software.
Following its immediate predecessors HTML 4.01 and XHTML 1.1, HTML5 is a response to the observation that the HTML and XHTML in common use on the World Wide Web are a mixture of features introduced by various specifications, along with those introduced by software products such as web browsers, those established by common practice, and the many syntax errors in existing web documents. It is also an attempt to define a single markup language that can be written in either HTML or XHTML syntax. It includes detailed processing models to encourage more interoperable implementations; it extends, improves and rationalises the markup available for documents, and introduces markup and application programming interfaces (APIs) for complex web applications. For the same reasons, HTML5 is also a potential candidate for cross-platform mobile applications. Many features of HTML5 have been built with the consideration of being able to run on low-powered devices such as smartphones and tablets. In December 2011 research firm Strategy Analytics forecast sales of HTML5 compatible phones will top 1 billion in 2013.
In particular, HTML5 adds many new
syntactic features. These include the new
<video>
,
<audio>
and
<canvas>
elements, as well as the
integration of scalable vector graphics
(SVG) content (that replaces the uses of generic
<object>
tags) and
MathML for mathematical formulas. These features are designed to make it
easy to include and handle
multimedia and
graphical content on the web without having to resort to proprietary
plugins and
APIs. Other new elements, such as
<section>
,
<article>
,
<header>
and
<nav>
,
are designed to enrich the
semantic content of documents. New
attributes have been introduced for the same purpose, while some elements
and attributes have been removed. Some elements, such as
<a>
,
<cite>
and
<menu>
have been changed, redefined or standardized. The APIs and
document object model (DOM) are no longer afterthoughts, but are fundamental
parts of the HTML5 specification.
HTML5 also defines in some detail the required processing for invalid documents
so that syntax errors will be treated uniformly by all conforming browsers and
other
user agents.
XHTML5
XHTML5 is
the
XML
serialization of HTML5. XML documents must be served with an XML
Internet media type such as
application/xhtml+xml
or
application/xml
.
XHTML5 requires XML's strict, well-formed syntax. The choice between HTML5 and
XHTML5 boils down to the choice of a MIME/content type: the media type one
chooses determines what type of document should be used.
In XHTML5 the HTML5
doctype
html
is optional and may simply be omitted.
HTML that has been written to conform to both the HTML and XHTML
specifications—and which will therefore produce the same DOM tree whether parsed
as HTML or XML—is termed "polyglot
markup".
Error handling
An HTML5 (text/html) browser will be flexible in handling incorrect syntax. HTML5 is designed so that old browsers can safely ignore new HTML5 constructs. In contrast to HTML 4.01, the HTML5 specification gives detailed rules for lexing and parsing, with the intent that different compliant browsers will produce the same result in the case of incorrect syntax. Although HTML5 now defines a consistent behavior for "tag soup" documents, those documents are not regarded as conforming to the HTML5 standard.
Popularity
According to a report released on 30 September 2011, 34 of the world's top 100 Web sites were using HTML5 – the adoption led by search engines and social networks.
Differences from HTML 4.01 and XHTML 1.x
The following is a cursory list of differences and some specific examples.
- New parsing rules: oriented towards flexible parsing and compatibility; not based on SGML
- Ability to use
inline
SVG and
MathML in
text/html
- New
elements:
article
,aside
,audio
,bdi
,canvas
,command
,data
,datalist
,details
,embed
,figcaption
,figure
,footer
,header
,hgroup
,keygen
,mark
,meter
,nav
,output
,progress
,rp
,rt
,ruby
,section
,source
,summary
,time
,track
,video
,wbr
- New types of form
controls:
dates and times
,email
,url
,search
,number
,range
,tel
,color
- New
attributes:
charset
(onmeta
),async
(onscript
) - Global attributes
(that can be applied for every element):
id
,tabindex
,hidden
,data-*
(custom data attributes) - Deprecated elements
will be dropped altogether:
acronym
,applet
,basefont
,big
,center
,dir
,font
,frame
,frameset
,isindex
,noframes
,strike
,tt
dev.w3.org provides the latest Editors Draft of "HTML5 differences from HTML4",which provides a complete outline of additions, removals and changes between HTML5 and HTML4
See also
|
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